Combustion-turbine.



s. 2. DE FBRRANTI. COMBUSTION TURBINE.v

- APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 20, 1906.

960,160. ratentedma sljl lo.

was 2 Ram UNITED "STATES.

PATENT OFFICE;

GOMBUSTION-TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented lll ay 31, 1910.

Application filed September 20, 1908. Serial No. 335,431.

To all whom it may concern:

Be] it known that I, SEBASTIAN ZIANI on FERRANTI, a subject of the Kingof Great Britain and Ireland, and residing at 31 Lyndhurst road,Hampstead, London N. W., England, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Combustion-Turbines, of which the following is aspecification. a

' This invention relates to turbines using an elastic fluid heated bycombustion as the working medium.

The objects of the present invention are to improve the efliciency ofsuch turbines to enable lower speedsto be efliciently run, and tofacilitate reversing of the direction of rotationQ Referrin to theaccompanying drawin Figure 1 s ows a diagrammatic view of a turbineplant arranged according to myinvention. Figs. 2, 3 and 4 show anarrange:

ment of turbine wheels in which the compressor wheel rotates in the samedirection although the direction of the motor wheels is reversed.

I wish it to be understood that the drawings are of a diagrammaticnature throughout and are not to be taken as working drawworking fluidin its passage through its;

ings; also in the drawings where desirable similar parts are denoted bythe same reference' symbols.

In carrying my invention into effect ac-' cording to one modification Iutilize the velocity of the working fluid so as to enable the motivepart or positive work part of the apparatus to be run at the lowestconvenient s eed. This I accomplish in the simplestorm by means of aturbine, 11, Fig. 1 having two oppositely running wheels, I), and 0. Thewheel, I), receives and turns back the v blades and constitutes thepositive work or motor wheel of the apparatus. The wheel, 6, is normallyrun at such a speed as to take out about half of the energy of the jets.

The fluid rejected by this wheel at high V87" vloclty then passesthrough the 7 wheel, 0,

which is the negative work or compressor I driving part of theapparatus. The wheel,

0, runsm the opposite direction at nearly three times the speed ofthewheel, 6, and absorbs the balance of the useful energy, be

ing coupled directlyto a'rotary air'com pressor, d, preferably of theturbine compressor type with intercoolers or to any other suitable form.The compressor, d,

compressed air by the pipes, f, into which chambers a supply of fuel isalso introduced under pressure from any. convenient source and after themixture has been ignited the hot products of combustion are expandeddown to atmospheric pressure in the nozzles, 9, thereby converting thepressure energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy and operatingon the blades of the turbine wheels. f

The principle involved in the above apsupplies the combustion chambers,c, with paratus is that of taking out the energy of the working fluid inseries by passing it first through a wheel or wheels doing positive workat a low speed, and secondly throu h a wheel or system of wheelsfurnishing 't e negative work of the system, the desired speed ratiobetween the positive and negative systems being secured by suitabledesign.

This apparatus lends itself from a practical point of View to'theeflicient generation of power, as almost all purposes require fairly lowspeeds of the motive part,

whereas the rotary compressor is most efliciently run at a high speedsuch as that given by the negative work wheels of the apparatus. l

It is clear that there are many ways in which my invention can becarried into effect without departing from the essential principleswhich I have laid down.

In carrying a further part" of my invention into efiect according to onemodification Iprovide a turbine which not onlyruns at a low speed on itsmotor or positive work part but alsois capable of easy reversing. Iprefer to do this in its simplest form by means of two running wheels ofblades. In each case the blades may be double-the radial length thatwould be'required for a non-re purpose of running forward I use theforward running system of nozzles Z, Fig. 3,

pro ectm the working fluid through say the blades, h, in the wheel, I).The fluld issuing from-the wheel, I), is'guided across to the negativework wheel, a, by means of blades,

F I s m, set at an angle in a known manner but which do not alter itsdirection, simply taking it across a space which is required to bemaintained as will be presently shown.

From the guide blades, m, the working fluid impinges upon the outerblades, a, of the negative work wheel, 0, and runs it in the is desiredto reverse the set of nozzles 0,

Fig. 4 arranged for the opposite direction of rotation are used,discharging the working fluid through the inner b ades, k, on the motorwheel, I). As it is essential that the compressor wheel shall always runin the same direction I cause the working fluid issuing from the wheelI), to be redirected into its" original direction by means of re-'versing guide blades, 7), by which it is projected on to the innerblades, g, of the wheel, a. The blades of the wheel 0, although ofdouble the length necessary for a non-reversing turbine are all set inthe same direction and always receive the working fluid operatingthereon in the same direction irrespective of the direction in which thewheel,

Z), is run. This therefore constitutes the essential principle of thispart of my invention and consists in the fractional abstraction of theenergy of the jets by means of motor wheels which may be run in eitherdirection and of the compressor driving wheels which always run in thesame direction.

Such apparatus as I have described for the series abstraction of thevelocity of the jets will only give the correct relative speeds at fullloads and in some cases it may be necessary toaugment the driving powerof the compressor plant at speeds other than full load. In thesecircumstances I provide an auxiliary turbine, 1', Fig. 1, on thecompressor portion of the plant the wheel of which turbine is run atsufiiciently high surface speed to efliciently utilize the greaterportion of the energy contained in the jets of working fluid issuingfrom the nozzles of the combustion chambers, 8. These jets-furnish thenecessary power to the compressor -or negative work part of the systemwhen power is reduced on the positive work wheels.

A suitable governing system should be provided; the location of a pairof centrifugal governors, t and o, driven one from each shaft of theplant is indicated in Fig. l. The particular systemof governing adoptedforms no part of the present invention and is therefore not furtherillustrated here.

claims appended hereto I have used the term positive work element todenote the turbine member or members which supply the power forperforming the external work of the cycle e. g. for driving the dynamo,screw etc. while the term negative work element is used to denote theturbine member or members which supply the power for performing theinternal work of the cycle 6. g. compressing air, gas or other mediumforming the working fluid. I

\ Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Let ters Patent is 1. In combination, a casing, a low speedpositive work turbine wheel in said casing; a high speed negative workturbine wheel in said casing; a machine connected to said positive workwheel; a compressor connected to said negative work wheel; a combustionchamber for supplying working fluid to said turbine wheels, togetherwith, means .for leading compressed fluld to said combus tion chamber.

2. In combination a casing; a low speed positive work turbine wheel insaid casing; a high speed negative work turbine wheel in said casing; amachine connected to said positive work wheel; a compressor connected tosaid negative work wheel; a' combustion chamber for supplying workingfluid to said turbine wheels; means for leading compressed fluid to saidcombustion chamber together'with separate motor means independent of thefluid transferred from said work wheels for augmenting the powerdeveloped by said negative work wheel.

3. In combination a casin a low speed positive work turbine wheel insaid casmg; a high speed negative work turbine wheel 1n said casing; amachine connected to said positive work wheel; a compressor connected tosaid negative work wheel; .a combustion chamber for supplying workingfluid to said turbine wheels; means for leading com-v pressed fluid tosaid combustion chamber together with motor means for assisting saidnegative work wheel.

4. In combination, a casing; a low speed I positive work turbine wheelin said caslng;

a high speed negative workturbine wheel v in sald casing; a machineconnected to said positive work wheel; a compressor connected to saidnegative work wheel; a combustion chamber for supplying working fluid tosaid turbine wheels; 'means for eading compressed fluid to saidcombustion chamber to-.

gether with means for reversing thadirection of said positive work wheelWhIIB lEhB direction of the rotation of the negative work wheel ,remainsconstant.

5. In combination, a'casing positive work turbine wheel in said casinga-high speed negative work turbine'wheelin said casing; a machineconnected to said a low speed positive work wheel, a compressorconnected said wheels; a machine actuated by certain to said negativework wheel; a combustion other of said wheels together with anaddichamber for supplying working fluid to said tional motor foractuating said compressor turbine wheels; means for leading comatstarting.

5 pressed fluid to said combustion chamber In testimony whereof, I aflixmy signature 15 together with means for governing the speed in presenceof two witnesses.

of said work wheels. SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI.

6. In comblnation a-turbme casing, lnde- Witnesses: pendently rotatlngturbine wheels 1n said CHAs. N. DANIELS,

10 casing a compressor actuated by certain of LUTHER J. PARK.

